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CognitoAnimal and plant cells
CognitoEukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Key facts & methods
Animal cell structures — fill in the table
| Structure | Function |
|---|
| Cell membrane | |
| Cytoplasm | |
| Nucleus | |
| Mitochondria | |
| Ribosomes | |
Plant cell — additional structures — fill in the table
| Structure | Function |
|---|
| Cell wall | |
| Chloroplasts | |
| Permanent vacuole | |
- Plant cells also have: cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes.
- Key exam point: chloroplasts and cell wall are ONLY in plant cells (not all plant cells have chloroplasts).
Eukaryotic vs prokaryotic cells — fill in the table
| Cell type | Nucleus / organelles | Typical size |
|---|
| Eukaryotic (animal, plant, fungal) | | |
| Prokaryotic (bacteria) | | |
- Bacteria also have: cell wall (but made of murein, not cellulose), plasmids (small circular DNA), flagella (some).
Microscopy — fill in the table
| Microscope | Max magnification | What it can show |
|---|
| Light microscope | | |
| Electron microscope | | |
- Magnification = image size ÷ actual size.
- Scale bars on micrographs: use to calculate actual size.
Exam questions — 5 questions · 11 marks · AQA 8461 style
⚡ Show all reasoning — the AI marks against the AQA mark scheme. Partial credit for correct biology even if wording differs.
1 markPlant-only structureAQA 8461 style
Which structure is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
A Mitochondria
B Ribosomes
C Cell membrane
D Cell wall made of cellulose
1 markProkaryotic cellAQA 8461 style
Which feature is present in prokaryotic cells but NOT in eukaryotic cells?
A Cell membrane
B Ribosomes
C DNA as a circular loop in the cytoplasm (no membrane-bound nucleus)
D Mitochondria
4 marksCompare cell typesAQA 8461 P1 style
Describe THREE differences between a plant cell and an animal cell. (3 marks)
Hint: One mark per valid difference. State what plant cells HAVE that animal cells lack.
+40 XP
4 marksMitochondria functionAQA 8461 style
Cells that are very active, such as muscle cells and sperm cells, contain many mitochondria. Explain why. (3 marks)
Hint: State what mitochondria do → link to energy need → explain why active cells need more energy.
+40 XP
1 markMagnification calculationAQA 8461 style
A cell appears 5 mm long under the microscope. The actual length is 0.05 mm. What is the magnification?
A ×10
B ×100
C ×1000
D ×0.01
Quick recall flashcards
Module complete! 🎉
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