Magnetism and Magnetic Fields

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CognitoMagnets and magnetic fields

Key facts & equations

Types of magnet — fill in the table

Term	Definition
Permanent magnet
Temporary/induced magnet
Electromagnet
Magnetic poles
Magnets vs gravity

Magnetic field patterns

Field lines show direction a free North pole would move.
Lines go from North to South outside the magnet.
Closer lines = stronger field.
Bar magnet: field lines form closed loops, emerging from N and entering S.
Between two opposite poles: uniform field between them (parallel lines).
Two like poles: field lines curve away from each other, neutral point between.

Compasses and the Earth's field — fill in the table

Term	Definition
Compass
Earth's magnetic field
Geographic North Pole
Earth's field shape
Magnetic declination

Induced magnetism — fill in the table

Term	Definition
Induced magnetism
Soft iron
Hard steel
Stroking with a magnet

Exam questions — 4 questions · 10 marks · AQA 8463 style

1 markMagnetic attraction/repulsionAQA 8463 style

Two bar magnets are brought near each other and repel. What does this tell us about their poles?

A Both are South poles facing each other

B Like poles are facing each other (both North or both South)

C Both magnets are permanent magnets

D One magnet is stronger than the other

3 marksDescribe field patternAQA 8463 style

Describe the magnetic field pattern around a bar magnet, including the direction of field lines and where the field is strongest. (3 marks)

Hint: Cover: where lines go (N to S outside). Density of lines (closer = stronger). Strongest at poles.

+30 XP

1 markSoft vs hard magnetic materialAQA 8463 style

Iron is described as a "soft" magnetic material. What does this mean?

A Iron is physically softer than other magnetic metals

B Iron is easily magnetised and easily demagnetised

C Iron produces only a weak magnetic field

D Iron is attracted to other soft magnetic materials only

3 marksInduced magnetismAQA 8463 style

A paper clip is held near (but not touching) a bar magnet. Explain why it is attracted to the magnet, and why the attraction decreases when the magnet is removed. (3 marks)

Hint: Induced opposite pole at near end → attraction. Domains align → paper clip becomes magnetic. Magnet removed → domains randomise → magnetism lost.