Post-industrial economy · science parks · north-south divide · South Cambridgeshire vs Outer Hebrides.
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Key facts — from Seaford 2025–27 case study notes
Post-industrial economy — science & business parks
Science and business parks cluster high-tech, research and knowledge-based industries
Usually located near universities or cities to access skilled workers
Support innovation, economic growth and post-industrial regeneration
Advantages: High-skilled well-paid jobs · collaboration with universities · regenerate former industrial sites
Disadvantages: High infrastructure costs · jobs require skilled workers (not accessible to all) · gentrification of surrounding areas
North-South Divide
Economic, social and health inequalities between the wealthier South East and the less prosperous North and Midlands
South East has higher house prices, wages, employment rates and life expectancy
North has higher unemployment, lower wages, greater deprivation
Government investment through HS2, Northern Powerhouse aims to rebalance
Population growth — South Cambridgeshire
Counter-urbanisation: People moving out of London to rural areas
Population: 154,000 now, expected 182,000 by 2031
Attracted by Cambridge's high-tech industries and quality of life
Migration from UK and Eastern Europe — NI registrations rose 25% in 2013
Population decline — Outer Hebrides
Remote island chain off north-west Scotland
Young people leave for better opportunities on the mainland
Ageing population · school and service closures · economic decline
Challenge of maintaining services for a declining, ageing and scattered population
Exam questions — 3 questions · 10 marks
⚡ Geography exam tip: Always use named examples with specific data. "An earthquake in Nepal" scores fewer marks than "The 2015 Nepal earthquake (magnitude 7.9, 9,000 deaths)." Learn the statistics on this page.
1 markScience parks location
Why are science and business parks usually located near universities?
A Universities provide cheap land for construction
B Planning laws require high-tech industries to be on university campuses
C Universities provide access to a skilled workforce, research expertise and graduates for knowledge-intensive industries
D Universities provide subsidised energy for nearby businesses
4 marksNorth-south divide
Explain the north-south divide in the UK and give one reason why it exists. (4 marks)
Hint: Explain what the divide is, give specific examples of the differences, then explain at least one cause.
+40 XP
3 marksPopulation change case studies
Compare South Cambridgeshire and the Outer Hebrides as examples of contrasting population change in the UK. (3 marks)
Hint: Compare the two places directly — why one is growing and the other declining, and the challenges each faces.