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Section A — Weather HazardsLICPaper 1

Cyclone Idai 2019

Category 2 tropical cyclone · Mozambique · 14–15 March 2019 · 180 km/h winds · Africa's deadliest recorded cyclone.

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Cat 2
Category
180km/h
Wind speed
4m
Storm surge
600mm
Rainfall
1,300
Deaths
3 million
Affected
Key facts — from Seaford 2025–27 case study notes

Background & formation

  • Category 2 tropical cyclone that made landfall in Mozambique on 14–15 March 2019
  • Affected Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Malawi — all LICs already struggling with poverty
  • Winds of 180 km/h · storm surge of 4 metres · rainfall of 600 mm
  • Became Africa's deadliest recorded cyclone
  • Formed over warm Indian Ocean water (26°C+) — classic tropical cyclone formation

Primary & secondary impacts

  • Social: 1,300 deaths from drowning, injuries and building collapse · 3 million people affected · hundreds of thousands displaced
  • Economic: Destruction of crops and livelihoods · infrastructure destroyed · ports damaged · aid needed from international community
  • Environmental: Widespread flooding · saltwater intrusion into farmland · habitat destruction
  • Secondary: Cholera outbreak from contaminated floodwater · long-term food insecurity

Why the impacts were so severe — LIC factors

Exam questions — 3 questions · 12 marks
Geography exam tip: Always use named examples with specific data. "An earthquake in Nepal" scores fewer marks than "The 2015 Nepal earthquake (magnitude 7.9, 9,000 deaths)." Learn the statistics on this page.
1 markCyclone formation

Why do tropical cyclones like Cyclone Idai form?

A Cold ocean water cools the air, causing it to sink rapidly
B Warm ocean water (26°C+) heats air which rises rapidly, forming intense low pressure and rotating winds
C They form at plate boundaries when tectonic activity heats the ocean
D Cold polar air meets warm equatorial air, creating a storm
4 marksSocial and environmental impacts

Describe the social and environmental impacts of Cyclone Idai on Mozambique. Use specific statistics. (4 marks)

Hint: Cover both social AND environmental impacts. Use specific numbers (1,300 deaths, 3 million affected, 600mm rain, 4m surge).
+40 XP
4 marksLIC vs HIC response

Explain why Cyclone Idai caused more damage in Mozambique than a similar storm would cause in a HIC. (4 marks)

Hint: For each point contrast what Mozambique lacked with what a HIC would have. Cover buildings, warnings, infrastructure, government capacity.
+40 XP

Case study complete! 🎉

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