Session XP: 0
Topic 4Component 1

Network Security & Vulnerabilities

Threats to networks, firewalls, encryption, authentication, penetration testing. Jun 2022 Q1(c), Jun 2024 Q3(b)/(c) all tested network security.

Best score
Last attempt
Best attempt progress
0
XP earned
Watch first — Craig 'n' Dave
Craig 'n' Dave · Edexcel 1CP2Network Security
Key facts

Threats to networks

  • Malware — viruses, worms, ransomware, spyware installed on networked devices
  • Unpatched software — outdated software with unfixed security vulnerabilities that attackers exploit
  • Weak passwords — easy to guess or brute-force
  • Physical access — unauthorised people accessing hardware
  • Social engineering — phishing, blagging, baiting to trick users
  • SQL injection — malicious code inserted into database queries

Protection measures

  • Firewall — monitors traffic using a set of rules; blocks unauthorised connections
  • Encryption — scrambles data so only authorised recipients with the key can read it
  • Authentication — passwords, 2FA, biometrics — verify identity before access
  • MAC address filtering — only known devices can connect to a network
  • Anti-malware — detects and removes malicious software
  • Software updates/patching — fixes known vulnerabilities
  • Penetration testing — authorised attack on a network to find vulnerabilities before real attackers do

Penetration testing — exam definition

Exam questions — 4 questions · 11 marks · from real 1CP2 past papers
1 markFirewall definition1CP2 Jun 2022 Q1(c) style

What does a firewall do?

A It prevents viruses from attaching to files on a computer
B It monitors network traffic using a set of rules to decide if data is allowed into or out of a network
C It encrypts data so it cannot be read during transmission
D It backs up data to prevent loss from attacks
2 marksPenetration testing1CP2 Jun 2024 Q3(b)

Describe what a penetration test is. (2 marks)

Hint: Two linked marks: (1) what it is (authorised attack) + (2) its purpose (find vulnerabilities / improve security).
+20 XP
2 marksPhysical security1CP2 Jun 2023 Q2(f) style

A company has a server room. Give two physical security measures (other than CCTV) they could use to prevent unauthorised access. (2 marks)

Hint: Give two distinct physical measures (not technical/software ones). Each needs the measure AND what it achieves.
+20 XP
4 marksDiscuss vulnerabilities1CP2 Jun 2022 Q2(f) style

Describe two causes of security vulnerabilities in software. For each, explain the risk it creates. (4 marks)

Hint: Give the cause → explain the specific risk. Two marks per cause: name it + explain the attack it enables.
+40 XP

Module complete! 🎉

Score loading...

+10 XP