⚡ Show all reasoning — the AI marks against the AQA mark scheme. Partial credit for correct biology even if wording differs.
1 markEmbryonic vs adultAQA 8461 style
What is the key difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?
A Adult stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than embryonic stem cells
B Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any cell type; adult stem cells can only differentiate into related cell types
C Only embryonic stem cells are found in humans
D Adult stem cells divide faster than embryonic stem cells
4 marksTherapeutic cloningAQA 8461 style
Describe how therapeutic cloning could be used to treat a patient with a damaged liver, and explain one advantage of this approach over using donor tissue. (4 marks)
Hint: Step-by-step: source of nucleus → into egg → embryo forms → stem cells extracted → differentiate → transplant. Advantage = no rejection.
+40 XP
1 markEthical issueAQA 8461 style
What is the main ethical concern about using embryonic stem cells?
A They may not differentiate into the correct cell type
B The embryo is destroyed to obtain the stem cells, raising questions about its moral status as a potential human life
C Embryonic stem cells always cause cancer
D Adult stem cells are more effective so embryonic stem cells should not be used
3 marksBone marrow transplantAQA 8461 style
Explain how a bone marrow transplant can treat a patient with leukaemia. (3 marks)
Hint: Explain what leukaemia does, what the transplant provides, and the outcome.
+30 XP
1 markPlant stem cellsAQA 8461 style
Where in plants are the equivalent of stem cells found?